China's dominance over critical minerals such as rare earth elements (REEs), lithium, cobalt, and nickel has become a central issue in global geopolitics, with the country leveraging its control over mines, refineries, and ports to exert influence over nations reliant on these resources. This strategic advantage has raised concerns about supply chain vulnerabilities, particularly for countries like India, which imports nearly 82% of its critical minerals. The situation has intensified amid global efforts to counter China's growing economic and technological power, exemplified by initiatives like the U.S.-led "Project Vault" and the formation of a coalition of 55 countries. China's Control Over Critical Minerals China has systematically consolidated its dominance over the production and processing of critical minerals, which are essential for advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), electric vehicles (EVs), and defense systems. According to a 2025 report by the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Beijing now controls over half of the global production of these minerals, including 70% of rare earth elements and 87% of refining and processing capacity. This control is bolstered by aggressive acquisitions, with Chinese companies acquiring at least 100 mines, refineries, and processing facilities in South America, Africa, and other regions between 2023 and 2025. Notable deals include a $2 billion purchase of a lithium mine in Argentina and a $1.73 billion acquisition of a copper mine in Botswana. These moves have enabled China to dominate the supply chain for technologies critical to modern economies. India's Vulnerability and Strategic Response India's reliance on imported critical minerals has left it exposed to disruptions in global supply chains.#india #china #u_s #project_vault #africa_center_for_strategic_studies
